French red wine appears to be more cardioprotective than wine from other countries. Although the data for differences in red and white wine remain controversial, and it appears that all alcoholic beverages carry some cardioprotective properties, it seems that French red wine possesses further cardioprotective properties.
In a German study by Wallerath et al., three German and six French red wines were assessed. The study tested the effect of red wine on endothelial-type NO synthase expression, eNOS expression, and eNOS activity in human endothelial cells. Incubation of endothelial cells with red wines from France upregulated eNOS, mRNA and protein expression. In contrast, red wines from Germany showed little or no effect on eNOS expression. Endothelial cells treated with French red wine produced up to three times more bioactive NO than control cells. French red wines increased the activity of other eNOS promoters, with a transstimulated sequence located in the proximal 326 bp of the promoter sequence. The eNOS mRNA stability was also increased by red wine. No significant difference in the Enos mRNA expression could be detected between the ‘‘en barrique’’ (matured in oak barrels) and ‘‘non-barrique’’ (matured in steel tanks) produced French wines.

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