I. INTRODUCTION AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
C. Perspective
Current evidence from extensive research indicates that all the pathogenic concepts outlined above are involved in the generation of atherosclerosis that causes coronary artery disease and other cardiovascular diseases including stroke and peripheral vascular disease. After 100 years of research, including the past 50 years of intensive research, we have only uncovered the tip of the iceberg. Cardiovascular disease remains rampant in Finland, Scotland, Northern Ireland, the Ukraine, the United States, Canada, Europe,and England and is increasing worldwide in the developing world. See Tables 1 and 2 in the chapter entitled ‘‘Angina.’’