We cannot exclude the possibility that damage to arteries and dangerous atheroma formation and progres¬sion may be increased by vigorous exercise in some individuals. Increase in turbulent blood flow at the site of branching of arteries may initiate or cause progression of atheroma formation (see the chapter Atherosclerosis/ Atherothrombosis). Atheromatous obstruction to the coronaries and other arteries is responsible for more than 14 million deaths annually worldwide, and this will increase to approximately 25 million deaths by the year 2020 and beyond in a population of approximately 7.5 billion. Walking two to three miles daily, swimming, cycling, and one hour of low-intensity aerobic exercise is safe and beneficial for most individuals including those with mild forms of heart disease or hypertension.

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