SIGNIFICANT CARDIAC DISEASE OCCURS IN patients with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and it is believed that in the next decade acquired immu¬nodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) will be one of the leading causes of acquired heart disease.

#I. INCIDENCE

Significant heart disease occurs in approximately 5% of people with AIDS. In an autopsy series 18% of 440 patients had cardiac involvement. In 1998, the Joint United Nations program on AIDS estimated that approximately 34 million people were living with HIV infection worldwide. In the United States new infection has decreased significantly over the past four years and deaths associated with HIV infection decreased approxi¬mately 25% from 1997 to 1999 because of improved antiretroviral therapies and the management of opportu¬nistic infections. Other workers estimate that approxi¬mately 60 million adults and 10 million children are currently infected with the virus worldwide. These patients are expected to live longer because of improved therapies and control of opportunistic infections. This will result in what may be an epidemic of HIV-related heart disease. The mean annual incidence is estimated at approximately 16 cases of cardiac disease per 1000 HIV-infected patients. HIV infections were mainly observed in homosexual males during the early years of the HIV epidemic; new cases continue to occur in IV drug users and heterosexual partners of infected persons.

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• II. CARDIAC COMPLICATIONS OF AIDS
  A. Pericardial Effusion
• BIBLIOGRAPHY
  Autran, B. R., Gorin, I., Leibowitch, M. et al. AIDS in the Haitian woman with cardiac Kaposi’s sarcoma and Whipple’s disease. Lancet, 1:767–68, 1983.

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