Fortunately, the condition is decreasing in incidence because of effective drug treatment of the moderate forms of hypertension. The reassuring news is that it is rare for a patient with the very common mild primary hypertension to develop malignant hypertension. The patient usually has moderate hypertension for a short period with blood pressure ranging from 200 to 250/105 to120. In some cases the malignant phase is precipitated by kidney disease, such as nephritis, but rarely renal vascular hypertension (renal artery stenosis) or collagen disease such as sclero-derma or pheochromocytoma.
Malignant hypertension can be quickly brought under control by a range of effective drugs given intra¬venously. This form of hypertension cannot be treated without drugs. Blood pressure may be as high as 250/150, yet headaches can be absent. Other causes of hypertension include brain tumors, bleeding around the surface of the brain from a ruptured artery (subarachnoid hemorrhage), spinal cord injuries, and the well-known pregnancy-induced hypertension.

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