stethoscope down from the base to the apex fixing the cardiac cycle with S2 as a reference point (see Figs. 1 and 2).
The point of maximal intensity of the murmur: This should be identified, although this does not always provide information that is accurate; for example, the systolic murmur of aortic valve sclerosis and aortic stenosis may be heard best at the apex of the heart rather than at the second right interspace, the aortic area.

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